Igishushanyo kibisi cyavuzwe haruguru kigamije ahanini gushushanya ibicuruzwa bifatika, kandi intego yiswe "3R" nayo ahanini iri kurwego rwa tekiniki.Kugira ngo dukemure neza ibibazo by’ibidukikije abantu bahura nabyo, tugomba no kwiga duhereye ku gitekerezo cyagutse kandi gifite gahunda, kandi igitekerezo cyo gushushanya kirambye cyabayeho.Igishushanyo kirambye gishyirwaho hashingiwe ku majyambere arambye.Igitekerezo cy’iterambere rirambye cyatanzwe bwa mbere n’umuryango mpuzamahanga uharanira kubungabunga ibidukikije (UCN) mu 1980.
Komite ya nyuma, igizwe n’abayobozi n’abahanga baturutse mu bihugu byinshi, yakoze ubushakashatsi bw’imyaka itanu (1983-1987) ku iterambere ry’isi n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije, Mu 1987, yasohoye itangazo mpuzamahanga rya mbere rizwi ku izina ry’iterambere rirambye ry’abantu - Ihuriro ryacu Kazoza.Raporo yasobanuye ko iterambere rirambye ari "iterambere ryujuje ibyifuzo by’abantu bo muri iki gihe bitabangamiye ibyifuzo by’igihe kizaza".Raporo y'ubushakashatsi yasuzumye ibibazo bibiri bifitanye isano rya hafi n'ibidukikije n'iterambere muri rusange.Iterambere rirambye ry’umuryango w’abantu rishobora gushingira gusa ku bushobozi burambye kandi buhamye bwo gushyigikira ibidukikije n’ibidukikije, kandi ibibazo by’ibidukikije birashobora gukemurwa gusa mu nzira y’iterambere rirambye.Kubwibyo rero, mugukemura neza isano iri hagati yinyungu zihuse ninyungu ndende, inyungu zaho ninyungu rusange, no kumenya isano iri hagati yiterambere ryubukungu no kurengera ibidukikije, iki kibazo gikomeye kireba ubukungu bwigihugu n’imibereho yabaturage nigihe kirekire. iterambere ryimibereho ikemurwe neza.
Itandukaniro riri hagati y "iterambere" n "" iterambere "ni uko" gukura "bivuga kwagura ibikorwa by’imibereho, mu gihe" iterambere "bivuga guhuza no guhuza ibice bitandukanye bigize umuryango wose, ndetse no gutera imbere yubushobozi bwibikorwa byavuyemo.Bitandukanye n "" gukura ", imbaraga zingenzi ziterambere ryiterambere ziri" guhora dushakisha urwego rwo hejuru rwubwumvikane ", kandi ishingiro ryiterambere rishobora kumvikana nk" urwego rwo hejuru rwubwumvikane ", mugihe ishingiro ryubwihindurize umuco w'abantu ni uko abantu bahora bashaka uburinganire hagati y "ibyo abantu bakeneye" no "guhaza ibyo bakeneye".
Kubwibyo, "ubwumvikane" bwo guteza imbere "iterambere" ni ubwuzuzanye hagati y "ibyo abantu bakeneye" n "" guhaza ibyo bakeneye ", kandi ni naryo terambere ryiterambere ryabaturage.
Iterambere rirambye ryamenyekanye cyane, bituma abashushanya bashakisha byimazeyo ibitekerezo bishya hamwe nicyitegererezo kugirango bahuze niterambere rirambye.Igishushanyo mbonera kijyanye niterambere rirambye ni ugushushanya ibicuruzwa, serivisi cyangwa sisitemu byujuje ibyifuzo byiki gihe kandi bigatanga iterambere rirambye ryibisekuruza bizaza hashingiwe kubana hagati yabantu nibidukikije.Mu bushakashatsi buriho, igishushanyo gikubiyemo ahanini gushyiraho imibereho irambye, gushiraho imiryango irambye, guteza imbere ingufu zirambye n’ikoranabuhanga mu buhanga.
Porofeseri Ezio manzini wo mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Milan asobanura igishushanyo kirambye nk "" igishushanyo mbonera kirambye ni igikorwa cy’ibishushanyo mbonera cyo kwandika no guteza imbere ibisubizo birambye ... Ku bicuruzwa byose bikoreshwa n’ibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza hamwe no guhuza serivisi no gutegura ni ikoreshwa mu gusimbuza ibicuruzwa ibikoresho na serivisi na serivisi. "Porofeseri Manzini ibisobanuro byubushakashatsi burambye nibyiza, hamwe no kubogama kubishushanyo mbonera.Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukunda ubutunzi gishingiye ku kumenya ko sosiyete itanga amakuru ari sosiyete itanga serivisi n'ibicuruzwa bitari ibintu.Ikoresha igitekerezo cya "kitari ibikoresho" kugirango isobanure icyerekezo rusange cyiterambere ryigihe kizaza, ni ukuvuga kuva mubishushanyo mbonera kugeza kubishushanyo mbonera, kuva mubicuruzwa kugeza kubishushanyo mbonera bya serivisi, kuva kubicuruzwa kugeza kuri serivisi zisangiwe.Kudakunda ubutunzi ntabwo byumira ku ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho byihariye, ariko byongeye gutegura ubuzima bw'abantu n'imikoreshereze yabyo, gusobanukirwa ibicuruzwa na serivisi ku rwego rwo hejuru, guca ku ruhare rw'ibishushanyo gakondo, biga isano iri hagati y "abantu n'ibintu", kandi uharanira kwemeza ubuzima bwiza no kugera ku majyambere arambye hamwe no gukoresha umutungo muke nibisohoka.Nibyo, societe yabantu ndetse nibidukikije byubatswe bishingiye kubintu.Ibikorwa byubuzima bwabantu, kubaho no kwiteza imbere ntibishobora gutandukana nibintu bifatika.Utwara iterambere rirambye naryo ni ibintu, kandi igishushanyo kirambye ntigishobora gutandukana rwose nibintu bifatika.
Muri make, igishushanyo kirambye nigikorwa cyibishushanyo mbonera cyo kwandika no guteza imbere ibisubizo birambye.Bisaba gutekereza cyane kubibazo byubukungu, ibidukikije, imyitwarire mbonezamubano, kuyobora no guhuza ibyo abaguzi bakeneye kubitekerezaho, kandi bikomeza guhaza ibikenewe.Igitekerezo cyo kuramba ntikirimo gusa kuramba kw ibidukikije numutungo gusa, ahubwo binakomeza kuramba kumuco numuco.
Nyuma yubushakashatsi burambye, igitekerezo cyo gushushanya karuboni nkeya cyagaragaye.Icyitwa igishushanyo mbonera cya karubone kigamije kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kugabanya ingaruka zangiza ziterwa na parike.Igishushanyo mbonera cya karubone gishobora kugabanywamo amoko abiri: imwe ni ugutegura imibereho yabantu, guteza imbere imyumvire yabantu, no kugabanya ikoreshwa rya karubone hifashishijwe uburyo bushya bwimyitwarire ya buri munsi bitagabanije imibereho;ikindi ni ukugera ku kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya binyuze mu gukoresha ingufu zo kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cyangwa guteza imbere amasoko mashya n’ubundi buryo.Birashobora guhanurwa ko igishushanyo mbonera cya karubone kizahinduka insanganyamatsiko yingenzi yo gushushanya inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-29-2023