Mu myaka ya za 1980, hamwe no kugabanuka kwumuvuduko wa post-modernisme, filozofiya yiswe deconstruction, iha agaciro abantu n’ibice ubwabo kandi ikarwanya ubumwe muri rusange, yatangiye kumenyekana no kwemerwa na bamwe mu bahanga n’ibishushanyo mbonera, kandi ifite a Ingaruka zikomeye kumuryango wubushakashatsi mu mpera zikinyejana.
Kwubaka byahindutse bivuye mumagambo yubaka.Kwubaka no kubaka nabyo bifite aho bihuriye nibintu bigaragara.Byombi gerageza gushimangira ibintu byubatswe.Nyamara, kwubaka gushimangira ubunyangamugayo nubumwe bwimiterere, kandi ibice bitandukanye bikora imiterere rusange;Ku rundi ruhande, imyubakire yerekana ko ibice byose ubwabyo ari ngombwa, bityo kwiga umuntu ku giti cye ni ngombwa kuruta iby'imiterere yose.
Kwubaka ni kunegura no guhakana amahame ya orotodogisi.Kwubaka ntabwo bihakana gusa ibyubaka bigize igice cyingenzi cya modernisme, ariko kandi binamagana amahame yuburanga ya kera nkubwumvikane, ubumwe no gutungana.Ni muri urwo rwego, kubaka no muburyo bwa Baroque mu Butaliyani mugihe cyo guhinduka kwikinyejana cya 16 na 17 bifite ibyiza bimwe.Baroque irangwa no guca mu masezerano yubuhanzi bwa kera, nkumuhango, uruhare nuburinganire, no gushimangira cyangwa gukabiriza ibice byubwubatsi.
Ubushakashatsi bwubwubatsi nkuburyo bwo gushushanya bwazamutse mu myaka ya za 1980, ariko inkomoko yabyo ishobora guhera mu 1967 igihe Jacques Derride (1930), umuhanga mu bya filozofiya, yashyiraga ahagaragara inyigisho ya "deconstruction" ishingiye ku kunegura imiterere y’indimi.Intandaro yigitekerezo cye nukwanga imiterere ubwayo.Yizera ko ikimenyetso ubwacyo gishobora kwerekana ukuri, kandi kwiga umuntu ku giti cye ni ngombwa kuruta kwiga imiterere rusange.Mu bushakashatsi burwanya imiterere mpuzamahanga, bamwe mubashushanya bemeza ko kubaka ari inyigisho nshya ifite imico ikomeye, yakoreshejwe mubice bitandukanye byashushanyije, cyane cyane mubwubatsi.
Imibare ihagarariye ibishushanyo mbonera birimo Frank Gehry (1947), Bernard tschumi (1944 -), nibindi. Mu myaka ya za 1980, Qu Mi yamenyekanye cyane kubera itsinda ryibishushanyo mbonera bitukura byubatswe muri parike ya Paris Villette.Iri tsinda ryamakadiri rigizwe ningingo zigenga kandi zidafitanye isano, imirongo nubuso, kandi ibice byibanze ni 10m × 10m × Cube ya 10m ihujwe nibice bitandukanye kugirango ibe ibyumba byicyayi, kureba inyubako, ibyumba by'imyidagaduro nibindi bikoresho, bisenya burundu igitekerezo cyubusitani gakondo.
Gary afatwa nk'umwubatsi ukomeye cyane mu kubaka, cyane cyane inzu ndangamurage ya Bilbao Guggenheim muri Espagne, akaba yarayirangije mu mpera za 90.Igishushanyo cye kigaragaza guhakana byose hamwe no kwita kubice.Ubuhanga bwa Gehry bwo gushushanya busa nkaho gusenya inyubako yose hanyuma ukayiteranya kugirango ikore icyitegererezo cyuzuye, ndetse cyacitsemo ibice.Ubu bwoko bwo gucamo ibice bwatanze uburyo bushya, burimwinshi kandi budasanzwe.Bitandukanye nabandi bubatsi bubaka bibanda ku kuvugurura imiterere yimiterere yikibanza, imyubakire ya Gary irashishikajwe cyane no gutandukanya no kwiyubaka.Inzu ndangamurage ye ya Bilbao Guggenheim igizwe nibice byinshi byimbitse bigongana kandi bigahuza umwanya, bigakora umwanya ugoretse kandi ukomeye.
Gary afatwa nk'umwubatsi ukomeye cyane mu kubaka, cyane cyane inzu ndangamurage ya Guggenheim i Bilbao, Espanye, ayirangiza mu mpera za 90.Igishushanyo cye kigaragaza guhakana byose hamwe no kwita kubice.Ubuhanga bwa Gehry bwo gushushanya busa nkaho gusenya inyubako yose hanyuma ukayiteranya kugirango ikore icyitegererezo cyuzuye cyuzuye, ndetse cyacitsemo ibice.Ubu bwoko bwo gucamo ibice bwatanze uburyo bushya, burimwinshi kandi bwihariye.Bitandukanye nabandi bubatsi bubaka bibanda ku kuvugurura imiterere yimiterere yikibanza, imyubakire ya Gary irashishikajwe cyane no gutandukanya no kwiyubaka.Inzu ndangamurage ye ya Bilbao Guggenheim igizwe nibice byinshi byimbitse bigongana kandi bigahuza umwanya, bigakora umwanya ugoretse kandi ukomeye.
Mugushushanya inganda, deconstruction nayo igira ingaruka runaka.Ingo Maurer (1932 -), umudage wapanze umudage, yateguye itara ryitwa Boca Misseria, ryashushanyaga farashi mu itara rishingiye kuri firime yerekana gahoro gahoro guturika.
Kwubaka ntabwo ari igishushanyo mbonera.Nubwo inyubako nyinshi zubaka zisa nkaho ari akajagari, zigomba kuzirikana ko hashobora kubaho ibintu byubatswe hamwe nibisabwa bikenewe mumwanya wo hanze no hanze.Muri ubu buryo, kubaka ni ubundi buryo bwo kubaka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-29-2023